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‘Outlived its Usefulness’: From Taiwan, Ex-Pentagon Chief Esper Calls for End to One China Policy_我的网站
A | 7月20日消息，据韩国媒体ZDNet Korea报道，全球存储三大巨头——三星电子、SK海力士、美光近期已相继叫停或大幅缩减针对下一代互连技术CXL（Compute Express Link）控制器的自主研发项目。 报道指出，三家存储巨头此举主要是为了避免陷入“自我侵蚀”（cannibalization）的两难境地：若强行向市场推广自研的高端CXL控制器芯片，反而可能蚕食其核心利润来源——通用DRAM（DIMM）的市场需求。 “It is my personal view that the one-China policy has outlived its usefulness, that it is time to move away from strategic ambiguity,” Esper told Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in a meeting in her office on Tuesday.,Since it switched recognition of the Chinese government from the Republic of China (ROC) in Taipei to the PRC in Beijing in 1979, the US has continued to informally support Taiwan’s autonomy by funneling the government weapons and giving it political cover abroad. However, since a declaration of independence from China would mean war, the US has left it unclear as to whether it would defend Taiwan in the event of an attack by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).,This “strategic ambiguity” is also believed to have deterred Chinese attack, preserving the status quo of Taiwanese autonomy from the mainland since the communist victory in 1949 that led to the foundation of the PRC.,Several times since taking office in January 2021, US President Joe Biden has had to walk back unambiguous and false statements about the US being obliged to defend Taiwan. Following the most recent faux pas in late May, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken was compelled to state that Washington “remains committed” to the One China Policy.,"We do not support Taiwan independence, and we expect cross-strait differences to be resolved by peaceful means," the chief diplomat added.,Esper told Tsai it was “important that we begin that national discussion [on strategic ambiguity] back in the United States. It would help us educate the American people if we can also point to bold decisions being made in Taipei.”,“It is important that the American people and our leaders in Washington fully see that the Taiwan people are fully committed to standing up to communist China and defending themselves as we, the democracies of the world, stand behind Taiwan,” he added.,Bipartisan Taiwan Support,Among Washington war hawks and anti-China politicos, Esper’s ideas are popular. Last month, a group of bipartisan senators, including Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and Bob Menendez (D-NJ), called on Biden to designate Taiwan a “major non-NATO ally” and dramatically increase military support for Taipei.,“As Beijing continues to seek to coerce and isolate Taiwan there should be no doubt or ambiguity about the depth and strength of our determination to stand with the people of Taiwan and their democracy,” Menendez said in a news release.,Esper, who led the Pentagon for two years under Republican former US President Donald Trump and is a former vice president of defense contracting giant Raytheon, said essentially the same thing in Tsai’s office on Tuesday.,“But the greatest challenge facing the democracies of the West today is not in Russia. It is here in Asia where China continues to challenge the rules-based international order [and] threatens freedom-loving people throughout the region,” Esper said, adding that Taiwan was on the front lines of that challenge and that the US and other “Western democracies” had to stand up and defend Taiwan from Beijing.,Esper arrived in Taiwan on Monday for a four-day visit at the head of a delegation sent by the Atlantic Council, a hawkish “Atlanticist” Washington think tank with major influence over US foreign policy. He was accompanied by two leading academics from the institution. Theirs is the latest in a series of high-profile visits by Americans in recent years, including Esper’s Trump administration comrade, former Secretary of State and former CIA director Mike Pompeo.,Pelosi Reschedules Taiwan Trip,House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), the third-highest-ranking politician in the United States after the president and vice president, announced on Tuesday that she had rescheduled a visit to Taiwan that was originally scheduled for this past spring but was postponed when she contracted COVID-19. The visit is now slated for August.,Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian denounced Pelosi’s visit on Tuesday, but did not speak directly to Esper.,“We firmly oppose any form of official interaction between the US and the Taiwan region,” Zhao said. “If Speaker Pelosi visits Taiwan, it would seriously violate the one-China principle and the stipulations in the three China-US joint communiqués and harm China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. It will have a severe negative impact on the political foundation of China-US relations, and send a gravely wrong signal to ‘Taiwan independence’ separatist forces. China firmly opposes such a visit.”,He also attacked the Taiwan Relations Act, the US law passed in 1979 that outlines Washington’s “obligations” to Taiwan and is often cited as justification for pro-Taiwan US policies, saying it “seriously breaches widely recognized international laws and basic norms in international relations and runs counter to the one-China principle and the stipulations in the three China-US joint communiqués.”,“The so-called ‘Taiwan Relations Act’ is a domestic legislation unilaterally adopted by the US,” Zhao said. “China has never recognized the Act and has always rejected it. A domestic law like this is no justification or rationale for the US to brazenly interfere in China’s internal affairs and sell arms to Taiwan.”。目前，这三家巨头正迅速从自主设计路线，转向采用专业无晶圆厂（Fabless）企业芯片的外包体系。 各自路线调整：从自研到外购 据半导体业界消息，三星电子、SK海力士、美光均已缩减或搁置了用于CXL扩展设备的控制器商用化计划，原本由它们自研填补的市场空间，正被Montage（澜起科技）、Astera Labs、PrimeMass等无晶圆厂企业快速填充。 其中，美光是最先放弃自主研发的厂商。该公司已解散其独立的CXL控制器研发团队，并全面采用PrimeMass的解决方案。目前，在美光的产品目录中，也已同步出现PrimeMass的解决方案。
B | SK海力士近期则正式向其主要合作伙伴通报，将停止CXL控制器的自研项目。公司正将相关研发人员重新调配至新一代运算用内存半导体——PIM（Processing In Memory，存内处理）领域，意图将有限的研发资源集中于更具确定性的未来增长点。 三星电子的策略调整更为微妙。公司将其自主研发的CXL控制器从开发团队中剥离，仅保留用于内部研究。该团队目前的研究方向已转向基于LPDDR（低功耗DRAM）的CXL解决方案等尚未经过验证的领域。
C | 而在对外销售时，三星将采购并使用无晶圆厂企业的控制器。
D | 这与三星电子最初的蓝图大相径庭。三星原计划推出结合自研控制器与CMM（CXL Memory Module）的模组产品，但其自研控制器的正式产品化计划现已从官方路线图中删除。一位熟悉情况的半导体业界人士透露：“三星内部的产品规划部门已将自研控制器从正式商品化课题中移除，仅保留为先行研发课题。目前团队仅围绕移动DRAM与CXL结合等短期内商用化不明朗的领域进行研究，这实际上已转向市场探索阶段。” “一体化”与“分立式”的商业模式冲突 报道分析认为，存储三巨头战略转向的根本原因，在于其最初构想的商业模式与客户需求发生了根本性冲突。
E | 三家厂商最初的构想是销售类似“一体化CXL模组”的高附加值产品，即将自研控制器芯片与DRAM集成于同一基板，作为高价成品供应。然而，主要数据中心客户为节省庞大的基础设施建设成本，却强烈倾向于“分立式”结构：即在系统主板上单独搭载CXL控制器，并在后端插槽中插入市场上常见、价格低廉的通用DRAM（DIMM）进行再利用。 这种矛盾直接触发了“自我侵蚀”风险。
F | 若内存厂商强行推广高价一体化产品，客户将可能减少采购，同时，原来大量出货的通用DRAM需求也可能随之萎缩。 一位半导体业界人士分析称：“从内存制造商的角度看，若自家CXL扩展设备成品需在市场上与核心‘现金牛’DIMM产品正面竞争，业务便难以大力推进。管理层的冷静判断是，在承担冲突风险下强行商业化自研控制器并无实际利益。” 回归生态分工，并非技术退缩 专家强调，不应将三巨头的这一集体行动解读为对CXL技术或市场的退缩与放弃，而应视为在不确定的市场初期阶段化解风险，并回归半导体生态系统高效分工的理性选择。 另一位业界人士指出：“相较于强行独揽CXL主导权，他们选择了与无晶圆厂企业互利共赢的分工模式。”并预测道：“未来，随着全球半导体市场不断深化发展，由专业无晶圆厂企业负责设计、存储厂商专注制造这一最优生态分工趋势预计将加速。” 编辑：芯智讯-林子。
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